A

Abstraction, abstract—
 136,261–63, 266–327,
 425,426,437–41,443,
 447, 448, 455
Analytical statement—30,
 31, 34
Anomaly in cognition—
 309
Apriorism—39, 103
Assumption, premise—
 30, 63, 110, 121,
 122, 134, 136, 142,
 186, 232, 310–13, 338,
 341,393,423–26,442-
 44
Axiomatisation—234/238,
349

B

Basic propositions—69,
 180
Biology—45, 46, 89, 99,
 123, 160, 166–69, 176,
 214, 225–28, 253, 292,
 294, 302, 303, 335,

[col2]

337, 342, 348, 360,
397

C

Causality, cause—50, 56,
 57, 100, 140, 215,
 218, 219, 239–44, 307-
 14, 329, 335, 344,
 355, 374, 423–48, 452
Chemistry—120,160, 215,
 253, 337, 342, 356,
 359
Classical science—51,118,
 142, 229, 233, 338-
 40, 412–15, 422
Common sense notions,
 everyday
 experiences — 26, 126, 225,
 248, 249,
Communicative process—
 38, 156, 286–88
Conception of “Third
World”-96, 102–04,
 180, 182, 185, 187-
 94, 451
Concrete–261–63, 265-



 327, 455, 456
Confirmation—31, 32, 61,
 62, 66, 68, 121, 164,
 195, 307
Contradiction—318–20,
 347
Convention,
 conventionism—69, 107, 126,
 181, 186, 234, 450,
 451
Copenhagen
 interpretation of quantum
 mechanics, Copenhagen
 school of physicists—
 145, 147, 148, 158,
 237, 242
Crises in science—42, 70,
 77, 144, 340, 341
Criterion of genuineness of
 knowledge—29, 120,
 185, 195, 317, 319
“Critical rationalism”—
 59,71, 75,81,93,94,
 104, 177, 256, 426,
 434, 450–52
Cumulative growth of
 knowledge—173, 257
Cybernetics—42, 348, 355,
 361, 375, 376, 382

D

Deduction, deductionism
 —117, 277, 317, 338,
 344
Delusions, errors in
 cognition—66, 67, 90,
 91, 100, 185, 191,
 193, 195, 258, 355,
 437
Demarcation between
 science and
 metaphysics-68, 77, 89, 118,
 209, 247, 399
Determinism—J40, J6|,

[col2]

 229, 239–44, 329, 336,
 339, 450, 452
Development of science—
 70, 71, 81, 85, 94,
 187, 335, 339–41, 357-
 90, 418–27
Dialectical categories and
 laws—257, 318, 326,
 327, 337, 349, 356,
 456
Dialectical materialism —
 51, 136, 137, 144,
 204, 218, 245–448,
 454
Dialectics—27, 125, 137,
 138, 176, 228, 238,
 245, 252, 254, 256,
 259, 449–53
Dogmas, dogmatism—50,
 67, 71, 85, 86, 114,
 177, 209, 332
Dualism-50, 127, 129.
 132

E

Eclecticism—58,288, 292,
 296, 327
Elimination of errors — 67
—of metaphysics—67, 142
—of problem—127
—of subject–184, 401,
 403
Empirical data—31, 57,
 95, 164, 265, 266,
 334
Empiricism—31, 34, 36,
 56, 57, 63, 64, 95,
 164, 189, 291, 334,
 335, 450
Epistemology—43, 46, 69
 97, 103, 113–14, 124,
 176, 181, 189, 199,
 201, 221, 222, 234,
 259, 398, 399, 453
Evolutionary theory of



 cognition—67, 97,
 109
Experience—37, 39, 101,
 113, 114, 130, 131
Experiment—78, 152–54,
 180, 194, 236, 300,
 306, 313, 319–20, 327,
 340, 359, 440, 441
Explanation—77, 78, 82,
 91, 100, 141, 161,
 170, 172, 210, 254,
 264, 307, 308, 311-
 14, 342, 378, 422–48,
 451

F

Fact—54–57, 116, 164,
 253, 258, 276, 300,
 334, 337
Falsification,
 falsificationism—63, 64, 67, 68,
 77, 88, 90, 91, 110,
 116, 117, 177, 186,
 187, 195, 254
Frankfurt School—288–96,
 320

G

Generalisation—34, 56,
 122, 124, 264, 278-
 80, 284, 288, 309,
 355, 356, 378, 401
Genetics—42, 97, 99, 168,
 176, 228
German classical
 philosophy—25, 51, 245-
 65

H

Heuristics, heuristic
 value—70, 84, 91, 123,
 280, 314
Historical materialism—
 286, 287, 29Q

[col2]

History of science—66,
 79, 80, 86, 87, 347,
 457
Human values—41, 135,
 191
Hypothesis—33, 67, 86,
 117, 154, 186

I

Idealism—27, 44, 50, 51,
 58, 99, 127, 166,
 193, 348, 394, 400,
 451
Idealistic dialectics—5l,
 104, 251, 256, 271
Identity and
 contradiction—260, 302, 316-
 19, 336, 455
Inborn knowledge — 98,
 257
Incommensurability of
 theories—81, 82, 84,
 93
Information — 30, 281,
 283, 284, 286, 287,
 330, 359, 375, 389
Integration of knowledge
 —68, 85, 357–90
Interactionism—286
Intersubjective
 knowledge—112, 113, 154-
 62, 173, 185, 198,
 201, 206, 215, 288,
 396, 397
Intuition—35, 250
Invariance—405–18

K

Knowledge, cognition—
 39, 53, 56, 67, 75,
 76, 81, 135, 139, 159,
 179, 180, 250, 265,
 278, 317, 397, 398,



 402, 403, 418, 419,
 431, 432

L

Language,linguistics—37,
 42, 49, 111, 112, 133,
 158, 160, 162, 163,
 167, 169, 174, 206,
 210, 258, 285, 288,
 289, 336, 361–64, 372,
 405, 406
Laws of science, laws of
 nature, laws of
 society—32, 56, 57, 79,
 84, 103, 161, 163,
 167, 255, 270, 297,
 300, 301, 308, 309,
 324, 326, 328, 336,
 339, 342, 374, 379,
 401, 431, 456
Logical empiricism—35,
 42, 209
Logicism—70, 71, 74, 95,
 96, 103, 105

M

Machism,
 empirio-criticism—45, 46, 53, 142,
 202, 240, 307, 452
Man-53, 272, 289–99,306,
 361–74,381,384,428.
 429
Materialism, matter—27,
 50, 51, 96, 99, 101,
 108, 125, 137–38, 140,
 199, 200, 213, 220,
 221, 258, 259, 290,
 303–05,332,338,341,
 391–448, 450, 454
Mathematical logic—30,
 47, 122, 377
Matter and consciousness
 —50, 96, 98, 176,
 201, 304, 305, 406,

[col2]

 436, 457
Mechanistic
 materialism-51, 52, 58, 167
Mental and physical
 processes—96, 127, 128,
 175, 192, 209, 213,
 219, 220
Metaphysics—27, 29, 31,
 32, 35–38, 41, 44,
 67, 71, 85, 87, 88,
 90, 92, 95, 104–08,
 142, 256, 257, 274,
 284, 310, 335, 394,
 395, 452
Methodological anarchism
 —81–85
“Methodology of research
 programmes”—76–80
Methodology of science—
 33, 59, 94, 209, 246,
 312
Mind and brain—98, 100,
 130–35, 306

N

Natural philosophy—58,
 104, 387
Natural sciences—26, 36,
 38, 44, 328, 338, 339,
 351,357–90, 395, 453
Natural selection—102,
 226
Necessity and chance—
 260, 297, 300, 301,
 318, 320, 434, 450
Neurophysiology—42,
 130, 133, 176, 215,
 217 

O

Object—54,101,115,144,
151, 265, 266, 315,



 328, 345, 356, 396,
 409, 410
Objectivity, objective
 knowledge — 96–104,
 106, 112, 139–94, 197,
 201, 270, 338, 340,
 342, 374, 390–448,
 451, 458
Observation,
 observability—28, 30, 39, 56,
 63, 112, 139, 144,
 146, 153, 177, 205,
 233–35
Ontology—56, 57, 104-
 38, 198, 199, 201,
 218, 220, 283, 323,
 328, 353, 453

P

Paradigm—72, 73, 80,
 350
Phenomenalism,
 phenomenology—135, 160,
 214, 283
Pluralism—83, 84, 127,
 175
Prediction—65, 123, 265,
 307, 310, 313, 314,
 358, 422–48
Probability—31–33, 150-
 52, 195, 210, 234,
 235, 342, 375
Protocol statements—31,
 62, 69
Psychology—43, 45, 46,
 160, 167, 214, 302,
 335, 337, 378, 379
Psychophysiology — 42,
 130, 217

Q

Quality and quantity—
 260, 319, 323–26, 369,

[col2]

 370, 455–57
Quantum mechanics—36.
 42, 118, 142, 145-
 53, 216, 217, 232–40.
 396, 449

R

Reality—37, 39, 53, 54,
 113, 128, 134, 154,
 166, 200, 220–22, 230,
 340, 342, 355, 419,
 420
Reduction, reductionism
 —99, 110, 114, 128,
 129, 160–64, 170–72,
 174, 385
Refutation—64, 68, 70,
 96, 121

S

Scepticism—26, 43, 87,
 135
Science and practice—26,
 183, 300
Science and theology—
 27, 63, 154, 204,
 247, 254
Scientific and
technological revolution—357-
 90
Scientific community—
 71–73, 106
Scientific criticism—67,
 116
“Scientific materialism”
 —99, 131–34,178, 196,
 197, 397
Scientific problem —70,
 88, 89, 102, 120, 183,
 191, 344, 346–48, 350
 -57
Scientific progress—48,
 70, 75, 94, 247, 281,



 358–90
“Scientific realism”—99,
 104–38, 178, 196–244,
 353, 391, 395, 434,
 435, 452
Scientific revolution—74,
 80, 84, 143–44, 169,
 196, 360, 361, 422–48
Selection
 —of fact-159, 232
 —of hypothesis—72,
 73, 80
 —of problem—88,
 211–12
 —of theory—113
Sensual perception,
 sensory experience—37,
 141, 144, 156, 2C9,
 272
“Situation logic,” — 76
Social progress—43, 98,
 281, 388
Social sciences—89, 123,
 167,285–88,290,291,
 297–99, 357–90, 392
Solipsism—154, 201
Space-50, 126, 140, 339,
 342, 414–18
Subject, subjective—35,
 91, 92, 101, 141, 151,
 179, 180, 184, 185,
 282, 303, 355, 390-
 448, 458, 459
Synthetic statement—30,
 31, 34, 264
System investigations—
 382, 453

T

Tacit knowledge—338,
 423–26, 442–44
Tautology—30, 37, 66,
 231, 265
Theory—38, 64–67, 81,
 82, 85, 86, 92, 102,

[col2]

 112, 116, 120, 136,
 183, 184, 191, 192,
 265, 299, 322, 334,
 338, 350, 449
—of atom-molecular
 structure of matter—36,
 61, 157, 233, 350
 —of identity of the
 mental and the
 physical—130, 209, 210,
 216, 217
 —“of regularity”—
 161, 302, 452
 —of relativity—36,
 42, 45, 118, 142,
 183, 195, 276, 408,
 415–17, 449
 —tentative—66, 67
Time—50, 126, 339, 342,
 413–18
Trade—288, 289, 293, 360-
 74
Transcendental reality—
 38 39 53
Truth—39,’ 90, 91, 97,
 191,193–95,212,224,
 280, 419, 420

U

Universality—32, 252,
297–99, 324, 329, 345

V

Verification,
 verificationism—29–31, 56, 61,
 63, 66, 67, 88, 95,
 102, 110, 195, 254,
 307
Vienna Circle—46, 59–61,
 69, 119, 123, 209, 212

W

World view—39, 40